Incentivized Development in China: Leaders, Governance, and Growth in China's Counties
Incentivized Development in China: Leaders, Governance, and Growth in China's Counties

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·如何運用供需理論為穩定的基本收入目標消費群體的消費預測做出貢獻? 基本收入是什麼意思?基本收入是政治共同體在沒有經濟能力測試或工作要求的情況下,個人支付給其所有成員的收入。如何運用行為經濟學方法為基本收入消費預測做出貢獻? 我假設對一個高收入收款人收取高所得稅,這將影響高收入收款人的個人消費意願下降,外部激勵也會努力和內在動機,以及勞動力市場如何在這些大變化預測下改變這些變量。 ,收入保障如何改變社會消費偏好,例如,重大變化如何影響整體的尋人行為水平,以及這種收入不平等的影響如何影響消費者的個人消費態度或習慣。 行為經濟學方法如何才能預測消費者的消費決策,特別是穩定的基本收入消費者目標群體?在任何涉及風險和不確定性的消費決策中,標準經濟模型通常假定決策基於最終條件,而不管變化是由消費者決策結果引起的。 消費者如何在風險和不確定性下做出決定和判斷的一種替代模式。這種情況經常發生在消費市場上。 從行為經濟學的角度,它解釋了消費者的消費,但是,它排除了穩定的基本收入賺取因素會影響穩定的基本收入賺取目標消費者群體決定做出最終消費決策,以與不穩定的基本收入賺取目標消費者進行比較組。原因如下: (1)消費者在感到需要消費時,根據某些自然參考點評估得失的決定,這被認為是對一系列結果的判斷是基於財富的變化,而不是基於絕對基礎的多少。收入可以影響他們的消費慾望。 (2)因此,行為經濟學理論假設消費者是社會中收入水平較低的群體,但是當誰決定購買昂貴的產品或消費昂貴的服務時,當他覺得自己的收益仍然大於損失時。然後,低收入的消費者將容易接受購買昂貴的產品或消費服務。當誰購買產品或使用服務時,由於獲得收益大於損失感覺。 (3)行為經濟學理論還假設納稅人今年將繳納高額所得稅。即使是高收入納稅人也可以賺取高基本收入,但由於今年他們需要支付高所得稅。然後,他/她將減少很多支出,即使他/她減少了用於娛樂的廉價產品或廉價服務消費的支出。這是納稅人影響其消費行為的經濟決策,由於高所得稅支出因素影響了其消費行為的改變,從而減少了今年的支出支出。 如何運用行為經濟學方法預測勞動力市場的變化行為? 與其應用行為經濟學方法來預測每個消費者的個人消費努力。行為經濟學方法也可以用於預測每個國家的勞動力市場變化行為。特別是,基於這些因素,薪金文員或低薪勞工應如何從一種工作轉移到另一種工作。它們包括如下:他們的內在動機以及他們的努力水平在這一運動之後將如何變化,研究了收入保障對勞動力市場變化行為中社會偏好的影響,以及在保證收入保障的情況下社會貢獻的合作如何受到影響,如何預測勞動者的作用。炫耀性消費的位置外部性,以及如何改變影響消費的動機。因此,看來一般的勞動力市場的工作變動行為不會受到外部經濟環境的好轉或差轉因素,工資變動因素等的影響。不同的環境條件變動因素對員工的工作變動有影響。通常,員工的工作變動行為主要受說服自己受其內在動力的負面情緒影響而影響說服誰。 如何運用動機擁擠理論來預測勞動生產率?經濟理論的主要挑戰之一是尋找提高勞動生產率的最佳激勵措施。立場通常是外在激勵,因為這是對努力工作的金錢補償或對努力工作的罰款的形式。 增加或減少每項勞動的生產率是一種獎勵或懲罰的方法。但是它只能提高短期生產率,並且不能保證高質量的生產率。因此,如果一個雇主希望某人從事某項工作或從事一項更高質量的工作,請考慮為他們付出辛勤工作而付出的勞苦,如果他們付出的努力水平不高,則應懲罰他們。 這個想法是人們不喜歡工作,因此他們為某種特定的活動使用某種補償,並且他們的薪水越多,他們就會努力工作。因此,更好的報酬只有助於鼓勵工人在短期內完成一項特定的任務或活動。該方法不適合於長期提高生產率和高質量的生產或長期的優良性能,而只能短期提高生產率和高質量的生產或優良的性能。 考慮提供辛勤工作以懲罰誰,如果付出了低水平的努力,便會付出勞力。這個想法是人們不喜歡工作,因此他們為某種特定的活動使用某種補償,並且他們獲得的報酬越多,他們的工作就會越努力。因此,更好的報酬只有助於鼓勵工人在短期內完成一項特定的任務或活動。這種方法不適合長時間提高有益的生產率和產品質量。 但是,經濟學家會認為,一項勞動具有執行任務的內在動力,可以提供高水平的努力而無需自己補償,而獲得更高水平的努力即可得到補償。如果勞動沒有任何內在動力來執行一項任務或一項活動,那麼誰將不為之付出努力。沒有補償,但是誰會增加這種外部激勵措施的實施水平。 因此,從行為經濟學的角度來看,當通過高級勞動者製造產品時,勞動者個人的高水平努力是影響其生產率或產品質量的主要心理因素。這意味著高薪不是鼓勵勞動生產率或提高質量的好方法。否則,如何影響勞動的一種低水平勞動就變成一種勞動的高水平勞動。這是最好的心理方法,可以影響勞動者對生產或服務過程中的任何產品或服務的生產率和質量以及服務績效的提高,從而對任何組織產生長期有益的影響。

  • Released: November 16, 2020
  • Author: JOHNNY CH LOK
  • Rating: 4.9
  • Publisher: Ebook DIgital Agency
  • Total Page: 1040 pages
  • File Size: 3670 KB

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